3 According to Theodor Eschenburg's character analysis based on Papen's memoirs: see VJHfZ, 1953, No. 2. It is appropriate to note here at last that in this chapter the concept 'conservatism' is to be taken purely in its German Nationalist, status-conscious meaning. Neither the radical-intellectual spokesmen of conservatism (Junger, Niekisch, Tatkreis, etc.) nor the military circles are included in this consideration.